The Moral Code Of Government And Leadership - 1438 Words

Government and leadership have always been codependent with the citizenry. Leaders need people to govern, and citizens will willingly give up some of their own powers and freedoms for the privilege of having a leader to take them out of a chaotic, tension-filled state of nature. Because of this important relationship, it follows that, in a civil state, one cannot exist without the support of the other. For this arrangement to benefit each party, the individuals that make up both the citizenry and the government, have a personal responsibility to adhere to a moral code. In modern day, many governments violate the rights of man, and abuse the power that comes with leadership, rendering the government inadequate and reducing society back to an uncertain, disordered state of nature. To create and maintain a most-effective government, it is imperative that the leadership considers its own expectations for its citizenry, and abides by those expectations through morality in character, law m aking, and exertion of power. To become a citizen in the United States, one must have a good moral character, described by the US Immigration and Citizenship Services as having no involvement in a variety of activities, including but not limited to, money laundering, being a threat to national security, refusing to support dependents, and offenses that involve a government loss in excess of $10,000. Having this â€Å"good moral character† is an expectation of the US citizenry, as well as for thoseShow MoreRelatedMoral Code And The Rise Of Civilizations1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe following factors; moral code, trade, and accountability in leadership. The moral code must be collective and opposed upon the entire community of all ranks. In addition, moral code must be built around tolerance and justice for the people as a whole. Trade is a gateway to money, economic incline, technology, and medicine. Trade requires exchange, exportation of surplus, importation of goods, and a dditionally connections with neighboring nations. Furthermore, leadership has to have a positiveRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics1457 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics A business code of ethics is a series of established principles an organization uses when operating in business or society. Organizations often develop these codes to ensure that all individuals working in the company operate according to the same standards. Most individuals have an internal code of ethics or moral principles they follow in life. A situation one individual finds ethically reprehensible may not seem so to another individual. Using a code of ethics in business attemptsRead MoreEssay on The Moral and Ethical Dilemmas of Anthropology1249 Words   |  5 Pageshave considerable moral and ethical standards by which their work must be conducted in order to preserve the accuracy and the posterity of the information gathered during the study and also to the persons or cultures of which they study. These two important parts of anthropology – the research and those being researched – can be conflicting. The Code of Ethics of the American Anthropological Associatio n presents itself as a body of guidelines for discussing these ethical and moral conflicts. This allowsRead More Ethical Leadership versus a Written Ethics Code Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesknown to us as moral philosophy, is an affiliation of philosophy that talks about issues of morality, concepts such as crime and justice, good and evil go hand in hand with morality. 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We consider ourselvesRead MoreEnrons Ethical Dilemma1118 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Enrons Ethical Dilemma: Ethical and moral issues have received substantial focus in the modern society because of the recent cases in which huge corporations with big profits and earnings have faced bankruptcy. Enron is an example of corporations that have faced bankruptcy in the recent past because of the numerous problems it had with federal and state governments for manipulation of financial statements. While these problems are not only attributed to organizational issues, accounting firmsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluencing factors that shape a firm’s ethical climate, while the societal impact that shapes the moral climate of society and the individual needs are less impacted (Carroll, 2014). 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Unbeknownst to Schiller, his meeting with O’Keefe was secretly recorded andRead MoreEthics And Its Impact On Society1281 Words   |  6 Pagespeople’s lives leaving them fearing for their safety, struggling with unemployment, and losing faith in the status quo, including political (government) leaders hip (Hasel, 2013). In modern times, ethics in government have become not only something of great public interest, but also an important area of study in the academic fields of politics and government. Ethics refers to the study of right and wrong behaviors (Makenricko, 2007). Ethics means weighing carefully the actions to be undertaken throughRead MoreCorporate Governance And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful administration was a central point. Business morals if legitimately comprehended is neither against business nor hostile to industrialist. It is basically articulating a durable arrangement of qualities to guide basic leadership in maintaining a business. Globalization and progression of economies has conveyed corporate associations to the inside phase of social advancement. Therefore during the time spent corporate basic leadership, chiefs contribute, intentionally or unknowingly to the

Advanced Marketing course (MBA) Free Essays

string(35) " customers to receive the product\." Question I: Explain the concepts of product line width, length, depth, and consistency. Use examples to support your answer. A product mix is a collection of a large variety of product lines. We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced Marketing course (MBA) or any similar topic only for you Order Now A product line is a group of items or products closely related and lie within a product class as the functions performed by them are similar, have the same group of customers, range within the given price or are advertised and marketed through the same channels or outlets. Every company’s product mix encompasses certain width, depth, consistency and length. Product width: Refers to the number of different product lines carried by the company. For e. g. Unilever deals with food brands, home care and personal care products therefore it offers a product mix width of 3 lines. Product length: The total number of different items or products in a single product line refers to the product length for e. g. if we take food brands of Unilever then Best foods, Knorr, Birds Eye, Lipton and Ben Jerry’s makes the product length of the specific product line of food brands. Product depth: The variants of each product in a product line refers to the product depth for e. . if we take Lipton, it comes in two formulations loose powder tea and tea bags as well as it also comes in different types such black tea, green tea and herbal tea, so this would mean that Lipton has a depth of 5, as it branches out in 5 different variants. Product consistency: How closely the different product lines are related to each other in use, requirements, production , ch annels and distribution or some other possible way for e. g. If we take Unilever then their goods are consistent in a way that all of their goods are consumer durable and are distributed through the same channel. Similarly they are less consistent as each of their goods serves different buyers and also perform different functions for them. Question II: In planning its market offering, the marketer must address the five product levels of the customer value hierarchy. Describe the â€Å"customer value hierarchy† and identify the five levels of product contained within. Customer value hierarchy is an approach of viewing customer value. It is in a hierarchical representation telling us about how the customer relates and views a product. The customer value hierarchy is pyramid shaped with its base comprising of the basic customer value followed by the expected, unanticipated and desired levels. The five levels of product contained within it are as follows: Core benefit: This is the basic level. It actually refers to the benefit or the service the customer wants to have out the product he buys. Benefit providers, is how a marketer must see himself. Basic product: This is the next important level where the core benefit is converted into a basic product by the marketer. Expected product: The third important level where an expected product is created by the marketer. By expected product we mean a set of conditions or attributes expected by the buyer when he purchases the product. Augmented product: In this level such a product is created by the marketer which is far beyond the expectations of the customer and is referred as an augmented product. Brand positioning and competitions usually starts from this level in developed countries where as in developing countries like India competition starts from expected product level. Potential product: This level comprises of all the possible changing or augmentations the product gets to face in future. New ways of satisfying customers and distinguishing the product and its offering starts from this level. Question III: Explain the concept of a hybrid channel distribution system. When would this system be best utilized? When would this system not be beneficial? Hybrid channel distribution is when a marketer utilizes more than one or a multi channel distribution design. It is one of the most widely used and important channel distribution systems among the vertical marketing network. A single firm can easily cater multiple marketing segments by setting up two or as many marketing channels using hybrid channel distribution system. Firms mostly establish a hybrid system as multiple targets and segments can be approached. If we take the example of star bucks we’ll notice that it follows many distribution designs as they use direct retail system by selling to the stores owned by the company, selling through grocery stores following a single party selling system and also via direct mail following the direct marketing system. Also other distribution systems are utilized by the company. Hybrid channel distribution system works the best when a company serves a wider market and also the marketer knows what system suits the best to its customer way of doing the business. The Hybrid channel communication system carries a lot of potential for channel conflict, therefore in the case of conflicts; this multi channel system does prove to be that beneficial as it may result in improper channel utilization and blocking probabilities. Question IV: In designing a marketing channel system, the marketer must understand the service output levels desired by target customers. Channels provide five service outputs. List and briefly describe each of these outputs. In developing marketing channel systems, needs of the customers are analyzed, objectives of the channel are established and major channel alternatives are evaluated. The five service outputs produced by the channels are: Lot size: The quantity of items possible for the channel to make available to a customer on one occasion. For e. g. a wholesaler will always prefer a channel that can supply him a large lot size of units. Waiting and delivery time: The time taken by the channel to deliver goods to the customers. A customer normally does not like waiting a lot for receiving the goods and prefer a faster system. Spatial convenience: The extent to which the channel makes it convenient for its customers to receive the product. You read "Advanced Marketing course (MBA)" in category "Papers" For e. g. if we consider TCS then we’ll notice that it has more offices situated in every area nearby and customers save a lot on transportation as compared to OCS which has less offices and dealers, therefore TCS offers more spatial convenience as compared to OCS. Product variety: The variety or the assortment breadth of the product that the channel offers to its customers. More variety is preferred by the customers as it increases their chance of finding what they are looking for or even better than that. Service backup: Any add on services that the channel provides to its customers such as delivery, installation, repair facilities etc. How good the service backup is, determines how good the channel performs. An increase in the channel cost also takes place for the customers in the case of greater service backup. Question V: The extraordinary growth of direct marketing can be attributed to many factors with both consumers and business are benefiting. List some of the factors that are contributing to the growth of direct marketing. Many factors are involved in the growth of direct marketing. The few most prominent ones are: Changing lifestyles is one of the most important factors that have made the customers accepted direct marketing. In these few years the number of women entering the workforce has increased tremendously. This trend contributed a lot to the growth of direct marketing as it became very inconvenient for working women to take time out and go for shopping. They could simply sit at home and select the merchandise of their choice and convenience through mail-order shopping and receive all kinds of merchandise at their home only via commercial television, mail, interactive television or via home shopping networks. The second most important factor that has increased the growth of direct marketing was the increase that has taken place in the cost of personal sales calls which has risen tremendously in the past few years making personal sale calls very expensive. Direct marketing methods have now made personal selling more cost effective. Another factor that has contributed a lot to the growth of direct marketing is technological growth such as computer based technologies. These technologies have enabled the marketers to be more accurate in the analysis of results, in creating advanced and better customer and prospect databases, better targeting of messages regarding complex demographics and psychographics and even in faster and better execution of packages by direct-mail. Another important factor that has made direct marketing more attractive than mass marketing is the quantity of available product and services has grown as through direct marketing a greater variety and number of products and services can be offered to a smaller group of prospects. Due to an increase in the use of telephones as a means to order has also helped direct marketing to grow and prosper as placing an order through a telephone results in faster order fulfillment and also makes the customer get rid of any delays connected with the mail order system. Question VI: Most companies set annual quotas. Quotas can be on dollar sales, unit volume, and margin, selling effort or activity and product type. Compensation is often tied to the degree of quota attainment. What problems does the setting of quotas present to both the company and to the sales representative? Sales quotas are set by a lot of companies to encourage and provide incentives to the sales representatives in order to meet their daily challenges and also to motivate them to work more effectively bringing out good results for the company. First a sales forecast is created by the company which becomes the basis of planning production, financial requirements and workforce size but the sales quotas create a lot of problems for the sales representatives and the company. Problems cause the company or the sale representative to suffer a lot for e. g. when the company underestimates and the sale representative is already pain then the company has over paid them. Similarly when the company overestimates the potential of the sales, it gets very hard for the sales representatives to match up to their quotas and eventually they get frustrated leading them to even quit at times. Another disadvantage is that often quotas ignore the service side of the business as it usually enables the sales representatives to get a lot of business. Another problem is that only short term results are gained by the company though providing customer satisfaction for a very long term. Due to all these problems faced by the company and the sale representatives most companies have dropped quotas and are adopting other systematic and proper means of attracting sales representatives to work at their best. Question VII: The new product development process starts with the search for ideas. New-product ideas can come from interacting with various groups and using creativity-generating techniques. List these techniques. New innovative product ideas can be created either by interacting with other people such as your own customers and getting their ideas or also by using creativity generating techniques for developing and enhancing creativity in individuals working for the company. These techniques are as follows: Attribute listing: In this technique each attribute of a product is listed and then modification is done to it. For e. g. f we take milk box, we can modify it by replacing the paper box by a glass bottle then it is painted differently and the cap is replaced by a cork etc. Forced relationships: Several ideas are listed then each idea is considered in relation to other ideas. For e. g. in designing a bed room, you consider a bed and a sofa as separate ideas. Then you think of getting a sofa bed that can serve both the purposes. Morphological analysis: It refers to listing every possible combination for creating many innovative solutions. For e. g. we take a problem like â€Å"getting something cooked†. First think of the dimensions such as how well cooked like half cooked, full cooked or baked. Then think of the possible mediums such as stove, on fire or oven and the power source such as electric oven, gas over or electric stove. Reverse assumption analysis: This is done by noting down all the assumptions and the possibilities about an entity and then reversing them. For e. g. let’s take a cinema that plays a movie of the audience choice, charges for the movie and provide snacks. Now if we apply the reverse assumption analysis we will reverse every assumption. The cinema will now show any movie that the owner gets charges not for the movie but for sitting as long in the cinema and instead of snacks offers fast food. New contexts: Consider a familiar process and re-design it into a new context. For e. g. replacing people-helping services with animals such as cats and dogs. Mind mapping: Start with a thought such as food, note it down. Then note down the next thought that comes into your mind such as pizza. Then link both the thoughts that are food and pizza and think of the next association that will be Italy. Associate a new thought with every other word that comes up. Doing this might lead to a whole new idea. Question VIII: Explain the product or brand management organization and list its advantages and disadvantages. Only a company that produces different variety of products or the production capacity is beyond the ability or control of the functional organization establishes a product management organization. It however has another form of management but doesn’t replace the functional organization. A product category manager is under the supervision of a product manager. A product category manager manages and supervises specific brand and product managers. Product and brand management is sometime referred to as hub and spoke system with the brand manager in the center and managing various departments. The brand managers develop competitive strategies for the product, think of an annual marketing plan and predict sales, initiates improvements in the product to meet the changing needs of the market and also continuously work with advertising agencies for the promotion of their product. Advantages of product or brand management: A product manager always develops a cost-effective marketing mix A product manager always ends up reacting quickly to new and innovative products. Smaller brands produced by the company get a product advocate. Disadvantages of product or brand management: Lack of authority to product and brand managers in carrying out their responsibilities. Lack of functional expertise as they are only experts in their own product areas. High costs associated with the system as every major product or brand requires an individual to manage it. Even minor products and brands are catered by different individuals. Brands are usually managed by the brand managers for a short time which leads to short term planning and fails in developing long term strengths. It’s harder for the management to develop a national strategy due to the fragmentation of the markets. Product and brand managers are more focused towards gaining the market share for the company rather than developing healthy customer relationships. How to cite Advanced Marketing course (MBA), Papers

Operations and Information Management Of Danem Group - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Operations and Information Management Of Danem Group. Answer: Introduction Process design is termed as alignment of the processes for satisfying the requirements of customers while at same time meet with set of objectives. Designing of new products and services in the market is considered as biggest challenge which is faced by the organization based on their size and complexity of products. The main focus of the organization is to meet with customers expectations. The selected organization for this report is Danem Group, which is operated in Qatar (Danem Group 2015). The services selected for this paper is steel fabrication services. Each of the business organization has to design product and develop services as their growth strategy. The selected organization can gain of competitive edge throughout their design. The manufacturing or service process design is based on various variables and represents a number of tradeoffs (Slack, Chambers and Johnson 2007). There are two types of design approaches used in process design such as serial and parallel. Serial a pproach is involved of alignment of activities in defined sequence while parallel approach is involved with execution of two and more processes into simultaneous manner. The report is aimed to provide a critical discussion on the key factors which influence selection of service along with manufacturing process designing. It also discusses the principles of lean manufacturing aids operation manager to introduce the changes to operational processes and systems. Background of the selected organization Danem Group is established in the year 1998 which is a rapidly developed leading company providing professional services into Engineering, Construction and Project Management Enterprise with operated in Middle East region. The organization is involved into expansion of oil as well as gas sector (Danem Group 2015). The main service of this organization is steel fabrication. Danem Group has to design new services for some of the reasons such as: To satisfy unfulfilled requirements of their clients To raise the existing product line of the company and declining sales To enter into new business throughout unrelated diversification To compete into existing product line To raise the declining profit The operation of company is based on steel fabrication with combining engineering, quality assurance and supplier management. The vision of Danem Group is to prefer world class service solutions for the worldwide oil and gas industry. The mission of the organization is to provide market solutions by effective project management and fabrication facilities to deliver proper projects on time and budget. According to Zhang, Williams and Polychronakis (2012), the section of process is based on nature of market, business along with their products and services. Discussion on the main factors influence the manufacturing or service process design Before analyzing the factors influence manufacturing or service process design, it is required to analyze types of process design as discussed below: Products focus process design: This manufacturing and service process design is arranged as per sequence of the operations that are required for production of product and service (Martin et al. 2010). It is termed as production line. Processes focus design: It is such a process design where the processes are being arranged based on type of process which is undertaken. In this process, the products and services are moved from one of the department to other to process the job requirements (Yuan and Polychronakis 2012). It is termed as job shop. Based on the process selection, Damen Group is carried out their work to fit with the vision and mission of the organization. Forecasting from the sales as well as marketing on offshore projects and reviewing of existing projects are in the ability of the company (Polychronakis and Syntetos 2007). There are various factors deduce to influence manufacturing as well as service design applied to produce particular services. Following are the factors which influence the manufacturing or service process design of Danem Group as: Cost: Bartis and Mitev (2008) stated that cost is the fundamental consideration into selecting structural frame material in the design process. The selection is based on costing, and it is the challenge of cost consultant to identify the fluctuations into materials prices. The key cost drivers are identified to make steel frame rates projects properly. The key objective of Danem Group is to maximize the profit and sale of their business and services by offering quality services to them (Zhang, Williams and Polychronakis 2012). One of the strategies which are used to meet the objective is that processes should be taken cost effective. At Damen Group, the main services are steel fabrication, oil and gas production. The other oil and gas industry slightly more expensive in production, therefore the company also raises throughout cutting cost of production. Galliers and Leidner (2014) defined that cost of the process is required to incur into the manufacturing processes. It comprises of expenditures incur with purchase of equipments, raw materials along with capital cost. The cost of processes is cut by outsourcing as it helps to reduce the manufacturing cost and designing of new products and services. Quality: The operation manager plays a key role to make sure that services that are offered by Danem Group to their clients are of optimum quality. After reduction of cost for gaining profitability, the company selects to manufacture their process design based on service quality (McArthur 2015). At Danem Group, there is higher level of quality services are provided to the clients enable them to perform well among Qatars oil and gas industry with larger number of clients are ready to purchase their produced products. In case of machine tools, the quality is affected at the time of surface finish, dimensional tolerances. The steel fabrication is based on quality of scrap. Therefore, fluctuations in scrap affect the quality of service. Kato et al. (2010) argued that quality issues should be mitigated before services are provided to the clients. It will become more productive when the production process is perfect. In order to ensure that the company maintains quality in steel fabricatio n, the staff members are encouraged to become innovative to come up with better quality services. By incurring extra cost to make sure that manufacturing process is needed of better quality (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The company satisfies the clients and builds strong brands in respective of industry operations. The company adopts state-of-the-art technologies to perform steel production processes for making improvement over service quality. Flexibility: In order to maintain relevance, the organizational operations of Danem Group should be flexible. Flexibility into steel fabrication is based on shape, used of raw materials to produce the product and surface finish. Lack of flexibility into process of manufacturing is difficult for the company to satisfy the clients (Reeves and Deimler 2015). It is expensive to replace existent processes with new one. The supplier flexibility helps Danem Group to manage their market volatility to survive dip into demand. It is analyzed that flexibility is tend to receive more attention as compared to other factors such as cost and quality. Although steel is flexible, therefore steel fabrication services meet with various needs of clients. Steel allows providing design flexibility inherent of strength (Kalpakjian and Schmid 2014). It makes sure that the architects introduce of long spans along with curves for structural design. Therefore, flexibility is required by Danem Group concerned i nfluences the process design it adopts. The manufacturing process of the company is on line with product and service designing. Degree of vertical integration: Jacobs, Chase and Lummus (2014) implied that extent to which the production along with distribution chain is owned by same organization. This factor provides a direct influence on which the products are produced and services are provided internally. Sorrentino et al. (2016) argued that one of the reason that Danem Group adopts of line production process design is higher vertical integration. It implies that the organization is carrying manufacturing as well as distribution processes at own. Therefore, the company has great control over their operations of oil production and steel fabrication. Turner, Strong and Gold (2014) stated that there are two types of vertical integration such as forward and backward. Kloepffer (2008) discussed that forward integration means expansion of production ownership to distribution chain in the market. The backward integration is expansion towards the suppliers sources. Concerning on Danem Group, the company adopts of ve rtical integration for flexible in manufacturing and service process. It results into raise into profit, sales, economics of scale along with pooling of research and development (Ullman 2015). When there is lower degree of integration, outsourcing is the process for performing the manufacturing activities. Nature of service demand: Into the production process, the customers are playing a key role. Danem Group is producing products as well as services with consideration of requirements along with preferences of customers. The manufacturer should schedule and design production to meet with both current plus future demands of their clients. The company structures their production design in such a way that it should meet with customers demands and requirements. Raoufi et al. (2017) illustrated that the methods which are used to meet with the current demand of the client are growth trends as well as patterns of demands which provide an influence on future. Influence on demand patterns: According to Brandenburg et al. (2014), the demand of the products as well as services fluctuates into different market based on the industry. There is fall into demand and rise over period. It is influenced by means of seasonal fluctuations that provide a significant influence on the process design applied for production process of the service provided by Danem Group. The demand of products and services by clients experience fluctuations which affects the price (Upadhyayula et al. 2018). Choice of process design meets with capacity of volume of products required by the customers. The process design offers room for expansion to keep into line by means of demand patterns. Environmental sustainability: The operation manager also puts into consideration the potential impact which the process design has on the environment (Zhang, Williams and Polychronakis 2012). With focused on the international business community, the company ensures that they select such a process which will not affect the environment. External regulations: The organizational standards along with regulations set various governing bodies which affect selection of manufacturing processes (Yuan and Polychronakis 2012). Regards to cost effective, flexibility of process design, the company has obligations to adhere set to standards in order to avoid any issues. Implementation of Lean Principles assists the Operations Manager in optimising efficiencies while minimising cost and improving customer service levels Lean management is the approach to run the organization which supports concept of improvement into the service design process of Danem Group. It is such an approach which seeks to achieve and makes changes into the process to improve efficiency as well as quality. Lean management seeks to eliminate of wastage of time, effort by identification of the steps into the business process (Raoufi et al. 2017). The principles of lean manufacturing are referred to as lean production which implies techniques to eliminate waste into the manufacturing system. Those principles minimize the cost and improve customer service levels with minimizing of waste. According to Zhou (2016), lean principles provide value to the customers throughout value creation process that has zero waste. In order to meet with the organizational goals, the operation manager focused on optimization of various assets, vertical departments along with technologies for optimizing flow of manufacturer machines (Center 2015). Th e project management principles ensure that the offshore projects in Danem Group are run confined. The established criteria are budget, schedule and improvement of customer services. Danem Group adopts and implements of five lean manufacturing principles which are discussed as below: Identification of customers and specification of customers value: It is the starting point of the company which incorporates recognition that accounts and adds value to end users. The company should define their steel fabrication, oil production to their clients from the perspectives of their clients. The company manages to target the customer and remove the wastes to value their customers expectations. Jacobs, Chase and Lummus (2014) stated that the company is required to evaluate expenditure of customers by analyzing their value to low cost. The operation manager relies on taking interview of customers, their feedback and other survey sources to determine their expectations and if the company is able to meet with requirements (Reeves and Deimler 2015). The company is responsible to determine the cost along with waste that is eliminated such that the product is delivered at that price the customers can pay. Identify and map value stream: Zhang, Williams and Polychronakis (2012) illustrated that value stream is ser of activities within the organization which involved with delivery of product and services to the customers. It represents of comprehensive end-to-end processes which incorporate to deliver services to the customers. The company should require understanding preferences of the customers based on quality of services, economy and others. This process is ranged from raw material to final use of product (Yuan and Polychronakis 2012). This process consists of steps to add value to the customers requirements. One of the best ways to identify value steam is departmentalisation which helps to choose staffs from various functions. Create flow by elimination of waste: Sorrentino et al. (2016) discussed that mapping of value stream confirms that nearly 5 percent of the companys activities should add value to the customers requirements. Polychronakis and Syntetos (2007) indicated that waste elimination ensures that products and services are produced into the organization which portrays significant flow to the customers. This lean principle is most significant for Danem Group as the company is mostly focused on elimination of waste and result into increase into value of customers. This principle occurs regards the functional boundaries that the process is crossed. Lean improvement is done to eliminate the batch processing and manage it to minimize the cost. Response to customer pull: Danem Group concentrates on process to understand demands of their customers to products and services. The company responds by design manufacturing process and delivery of the services which satisfy and meet requirements of their customers (Galliers and Leidner 2014). This principle is required to set the way which makes the customers look for the product rather than push product. The pull system is responded to the customer demand as well as produced what the customer requires when they require it. Pull seeks to eliminate over production that magnifies the type of wastes. Pursue perfection: Yuan and Polychronakis (2012) represented that lean principle into the company creates flow along with pull starts throughout radical organizations of individual process systems. Adoption plus implementation of lean manufacturing principles assist the operation manage to optimise efficiencies along with minimise cost furthermore improve customer service levels (Raoufi et al. 2017). Removal of waste from this process provides a better products and the products are also delivered within proper time. Reeves and Deimler (2015) stated that lean principles help the operation manager to introduce of changes into the processes of the organization. The operation manager requires creating avenue throughout employees to provide feedback, elimination of barriers which exist to hamper ease of flow of communication into the organization. The above five principles are applied directly to steel fabrication to eliminate of waste. Nesting software prepares to reduce the waste. Coupled with software tools track the steel inventory, program components help Danem Group to optimize the materials usage (Zhang, Williams and Polychronakis 2012). With use of automated approach, it eliminates waste of the defective parts as design information covers of various fabrication processes. Fabrication of various sizes is benefited from application of lean manufacturing principles. Upadhyayula et al. (2018) argued that the principles are difficult to apply on machines as it is hard to balance processing time fo r various machines. At the end, the company can automate structural steel processing system for elimination of waste. Galliers and Leidner (2014) stated that lean manufacturing process is focused on elimination of waste, excesses of the materials and streamlines the manufacturing system to make it efficient, greater efficiency, lower the cost along with faster production time. The research shows that the five principles of lean manufacturing leads to reduce lead time, floor space requirements and increase into productivity (Kalpakjian and Schmid 2014). The benefits of lean manufacturing into steel fabrication are optimal inventory, reduction of rejections, quick changeover, and spare management in addition to high organized. Conclusion It is concluded that process design is implied of process to determine workflows, equipment needed and implementation needs for process of production of the product and process. There are two concepts of process design such as process and design. It is analyzed that design is implied of process of orientation along with development of plan in order to develop product and service. Process is analyzed of utilizing input resources required to transform the output of services and products. From the report analysis, the factors which are taken into account for influencing the process design are cost, quality, flexibility, and degree of vertical integration, nature of service demand, influence on demand patterns, environmental sustainability and external regulations. The strategies which are used to meet the objective should be cost effective. It contains of expenditures acquire with acquire of equipments, raw materials next to capital cost. Flexibility into steel fabrication is dependent on shape, utilization of raw materials to make the product moreover surface finish. Lack of flexibility into procedure of manufacturing is complicated for the company to convince the clients. Implementation of lean principles assists operation manager to optimize efficiency while minimize the cost and improve the customer service levels. It is achieved of value stream across different technologies. Those five principles are consisted of identification of the customers in addition to specify the value, response to customer pull, pursue of perfection. It also includes of identify and map the value stream and create flow to eliminate the wastes. Danem Group manages to maintain a brand reputation due to effective selection of manufacturing processes. The future research should address the challenges that operation manager undergoes to select manufacturing in addition to service process design. The operation manager relies on taking discussion with the customers, their response and other review sources to conclude their expectations. The company should need considerate preferences of the customers based on excellence of services, and also economy. The organization is therefore focused on elimination of waste plus resulted into raise into worth of customers. References Bartis, E. and Mitev, N., 2008. A multiple narrative approach to information systems failure: a successful system that failed.European Journal of Information Systems,17(2), pp.112-124. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J. and Seuring, S., 2014. Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), pp.299-312. Center, A.T., 2015. The Lean Construction Education Program (LCEP) is driven to develop and apply better ways to manage the overall construction process. Apply Lean principles on every pro-ject, to maximize value and minimize waste, time and costs.Compare,12, pp.30pm-5pm. Danem Group 2015About Us | Danem Group[online] available from https://www.danemgroup.com/about-us/ [23 March 2018] Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. and Lummus, R.R., 2014.Operations and supply chain management(pp. 533-535). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kalpakjian, S. and Schmid, S.R., 2014.Manufacturing engineering and technology(p. 913). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Pearson. Kato, T., Nakajima, T., Saito, T., Okitsu, J., Shiga, Y. and Miki, Y., Hitachi Ltd, 2015.Operations management methods and devices thereof in information-processing systems. U.S. Patent 9,128,704. Kloepffer, W., 2008. Life cycle sustainability assessment of products.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,13(2), p.89. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Martin, H., Syntetos, A.A., Parodi, A., Polychronakis, Y.E. and Pintelon, L., 2010. Integrating the spare parts supply chain: an inter-disciplinary account.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,21(2), pp.226-245. McArthur, J.J., 2015. A building information management (BIM) framework and supporting case study for existing building operations, maintenance and sustainability.Procedia engineering,118, pp.1104-1111. Turner, B., Strong, R. and A. Gold, S., 2014. A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. Process design and modeling.Rapid Prototyping Journal,20(3), pp.192-204. Polychronakis, Y.E. and Syntetos, A.A., 2007. Softsupplier management related issues: An empirical investigation.International Journal of Production Economics,106(2), pp.431-449. Raoufi, K., Haapala, K.R., Jackson, K.L., Kim, K.Y., Kremer, G.E.O. and Psenka, C.E., 2017. Enabling non-expert sustainable manufacturing process and supply chain analysis during the early product design phase.Procedia Manufacturing,10, pp.1097-1108. Raoufi, K., Haapala, K.R., Kremer, G.E.O., Kim, K.Y., Psenka, C.E. and Jackson, K.L., 2017, August. Enabling cyber-based learning of product sustainability assessment using unit manufacturing process analysis. InASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference(pp. V004T05A038-V004T05A038). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Reeves, M. and Deimler, M., 2015. Adaptability: The new competitive advantage.Own the Future,50, pp.19-26. Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnson, R., 2007. Operations Management. Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall. Sorrentino, L., Marchetti, M., Bellini, C., Delfini, A. and Albano, M., 2016. Design and manufacturing of an isogrid structure in composite material: Numerical and experimental results.Composite Structures,143, pp.189-201. Ullman, D.G., 2015.The mechanical design process. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. Upadhyayula, V.K., Gadhamshetty, V., Shanmugam, K., Souihi, N. and Tysklind, M., 2018. Advancing game changing academic research concepts to commercialization: A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based sustainability framework for making informed decisions in Technology Valley of Death (TVD).Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Yuan, Q. and Polychronakis, Y.E., 2012. The development of a robust resource constrained project scheduling framework.International Journal of Project Organisation and Management 5,4(4), pp.339-367. Zhang, X., Williams, A. and Polychronakis, Y.E., 2012. A comparison of e-business models from a value chain perspective.EuroMed Journal of Business,7(1), pp.83-101. Zhang, X., Williams, A. and Polychronakis, Y.E., 2012. A comparison of e-business models from a value chain perspective.EuroMed Journal of Business,7(1), pp.83-101. Zhou, B., 2016. Lean principles, practices, and impacts: a study on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Annals of Operations Research,241(1-2), pp.457-474.

Judicial Review free essay sample

The United Kingdom as the Most Democratic Country Anthony Giddens, a sociologist and author, defines democracy as having three core components, â€Å"democracy exists where you have a multiparty system with political parties competing with one another, free and non-corrupt voting procedures to elect political leaders, and an effective legal framework of civil liberties or human rights that underlie the mechanisms of voting processes† (Lever). Democracy is a form of government where the supreme power is vested in the people and is exercised directly by the people or by its elected agents. Countries such as Japan, the United States’, and the United Kingdom, all have democratic forms of government. Judicial review is a part of democracy where a higher level court can review cases involving laws and make those laws invalid. It is an important part of the checks and balances in a democracy to limit power. Through the power of judicial review, the Court is charged with assuring citizens’ individual rights as guaranteed to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Judicial Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Judicial review is important for democracy, but on the other hand, some feel as though judicial review is undemocratic. Although the United States was the first country to practice judicial review, the United Kingdom possesses the most democratic judicial system. Judicial review has many positive benefits and is significant to a country’s judiciary. In the case of Marbury vs. Madison, decided by the John Marshall Court in America in 1803, officials argued that the court system, as a whole, and the Supreme Court, which is the top court of the land, has the power to decide if a government law, regulation or action was Constitutional because the court system is the place where all legal matters are decided. Judicial review legitimizes the government’s actions that are protected by the courts and helps maintain the supremacy of the Constitution of a country. It helps to temper radical extremism in political parties that obtain a majority. Its also democratic because it gives people a say both in supporting the original passage of the law as well as in appealing its constitutionality. If laws are not decided upon whether or not they are constitutional, the Constitution is not being treated as the supreme law of the land as it is designed to do in America. Those who feel that judicial review is undemocratic believe that courts should not interfere with the attempts of Congress or the President to deal with wars and emergencies. Judicial review may be seen as undemocratic, especially when compared to the true definition of democracy (Lever). Another strike at judicial review is that it is not explicitly stated in the American Constitution. The judiciary is the branch of a country’s government that is concerned with allocating justice. The constitutional court is the highest judicial body to rule on the constitutionality of laws and other government actions. Some regimes give the judiciary the power of concrete review, which allows the high court to rule on constitutional issues only when debates are brought up. Other regimes give the power of abstract review, which allows the court to decide questions that do no arise from legal cases, and even allows it to make judgements on legislation that has not yet been enacted. The US allows concrete review and in contrast, the UK courts do not have power to overturn legislation passed by the national legislature under any circumstances. Britain is a representative democracy. This is where citizens within a country elect representatives to make decisions for them. Every five years in Britain the people have the chance to vote into power those they wish to represent them in Parliament. These member’s of parliament meet in the House of Commons to discuss matters which pass acts and then become British law. Within the House of Commons, each elected member of parliament represents an area called a constituency. For five years, member’s of parliament are responsible to their electorate and are held accountable to them. If they fail to perform, or if the party does badly during its time in office, they can be removed by the people of their constituency. According to the Democracy Rankings of 2012, the United Kingdom was ranked at 13 while the United States was ranked at 15 (Campbell). In both the UK and USA any citizen, male or female, and any race, has the right to vote in elections, as long as they are over eighteen years old. This universal suffrage is something that is desperately needed if a country is going to be democratic, for some citizens are excluded from the right to vote then a government is obviously not democratic because not everyone who lives in  that country is getting a chance to say how they want to be run. The British Executive may be held accountable more frequently than elections would allow through what is called the Prime Minister’s Question Time. In these sessions the government is questioned on all of its activities by the opposition, and their own party, meaning that, theoretically, the Executive shouldn’t be able to keep important secrets from the people and become too overpowering, but instead are frequently reminded of the fact that they work for the people. However, in the US, the President is not faced with these sessions, and so are not held accountable so often. In this way Britain is more democratic. Another strike against American democracy is the influence that money has on elections. Without money it is very difficult to win a campaign in   America, which leads to the high percentage on incumbents that get re-elected. Also, during their term in office the incumbents have created the network of contacts that can fund their campaigns. This makes it very hard for new people to break into American politics unless they have somehow collected a great sum of money. However, in Britain, money is not so important in elections which is partly because campaigns are shorter, taking weeks instead of a year, and because in the UK general election candidates are guaranteed time on the TV, radio, and can take advantage of the national press. In the US everything has to be bought. In this way the UK is more democratic than America. America is known as the greatest democracy in the world, and   Britain has been called the mother of all democracy, yet, if you look more closely at the governmental systems you will see many points that reflect an undemocratic quality in both countries. Though there is not much to choose between them, the US is less democratic, largely because of the enormous influence money has on American politics, therefore, if you’re not wealthy it is very hard to break into politics, and even is you are, the strict two-party system also makes it more difficult. The UK is not a lot more democratic, but the fact that money isn’t such an issue means that politics is more accessible to a wider number of people, as long as they want to get involved. The fact is that a pure democracy is often unworkable, and it may be that democracy has to be partially sacrificed in order to have an effective and efficient government.