Super Format and Rapid Development of TV Formats Essay

Super Format and Rapid Development of TV Formats - Essay Example Additionally, with the increase in demand, a lot of investors came up with new ideas that saw the production of programs to match the demands of the customers in the markets. On the other hand, exploiters came up with the idea of exploiting the novel entrepreneurs with the idea of coming up with interesting and catchy programs that would sell and attract the attention of many individuals in the market. Moran & Malbon (2006) indicate that, with the advent of the digital technology, the global TV market indicated developments in coming up with a digital TV channel, that was directed to the consumers; thus, massive profits were indicated by the investors in the industry. TV super formats According to the research conducted by Ward (2003), TV super formats can be referred to as the elements that are in various ways completely invariable, and in which other programs are derived from. This basically refers to the derivation of many programs from a singular element, as a result of manipulat ion of systems to come up with a new program. TV super formats are, therefore, concepts derived from an original program that are reproduced in another for a different audience. With the right documentation these TV formats can be sold internationally for the original concepts to be replicated in other countries. Right documentation, here, refers to trading licenses between the seller and the buyer of the formats (Ward, 2003). With a lot of competition being experienced in the TV and broadcasting industry, there was a dire need by the broadcasting markets to diversify the rules of governing the broadcasting markets. In the long run, trade in the TV broadcasting saw the inclusion of many more traders; thus many players in the industry (Chalaby, 2011). Rapid development of TV formats Private channels Many parts of the world have experienced an upward trend in the number of channels airing programs. Research by Holmes and Jermyn (2004) shows that in prior years, national channels domin ated the television sets in various countries, whereby viewers had no choice but to view whatever programs were aired. However, this trend took a dramatic change with the privatization of channels in many countries. In their quest to win over the viewers, these channels went looking for interesting and catchy programs to draw the interest of the viewers. The most viable way to do this was to concentrate on format programs. With time, privately owned television networks increased in number and completion for audiences was rife, with each trying its best to attract as many audiences as possible. In most cases, national broadcasters lagged behind in the completion for viewership, as they did not want to air programs that supported other nation’s talents and capabilities. The battle, therefore, was among the privately owned television channels. This completion fuelled the rise and spread of format TV. The investors and entrepreneurs in of these privately owned channels are, there fore, the catalysts for the rise in TV formats. Audience Audiences all over the globe have shown a particular liking to TV format programs over original ones. According to Holmes (2004) the concept of TV formats cannot be alienated from a discussion of the communication industry as far as television is concerned. Television formats are vital in the case of journalists and viewers of

Technology review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Technology review - Essay Example Turnitin.com: turnitin.com is an effective plagiarism checker which means its work is to verify and check for any plagiarism that prevails in the paper. It is a very reliable website for instructors which aim to compare the work submitted to the teachers with works on the web in order to check the reliability and uniqueness of the work. It is easily available and online communities can be made through which the instructor can evaluate and access the work. K5learning.com: k5 learning again is an interactive platform for young learners who seek to develop their skills through fun. K5 is a website which accesses young learners and enhance their abilities. Online tests are taken, assessments are done and help is provided to those who need reinforcement so that an effective learning mechanism is generated. Freevideolectures.com: it is an online resource for many learners out there who can easily access online the lectures of reputable teachers regarding various topic of study. This site enables learners to gain knowledge regarding various subjects having lectures of almost 30 respectable universities. This websites offers a vast range of courses and lectures which students aid from to develop better understanding in a convenient and cost effective manner. Tutorphil.com: is an online site to overcome the workload and ease down the frustration level among students. It provides learning methodologies and gives advices and tips to overcome the problems while structuring an essay. It is an interactive site which helps to device proper essays with ease and convenience. At this point I would like to choose my three sites which according to me are the most reliable to generate effective learning. My three sites which I will focus on in my essay are lore.com, turnitin.com and freevideolectures.com. If these three sites are integrated then a very convenient mechanism can be generated which will aid in learning. The reason why I think

Alibaba Is A Business To Business Company Marketing Essay

Alibaba Is A Business To Business Company Marketing Essay Alibaba.com is regarded as a dominant player and a high-growth company due to its large membership base and its phenomenal growth. Its total registered user base grew from 6.0 million in 2004 to 19.6 million in 2006. In the same vein, it registered a cumulative annual growth rate of 94.8% in 2006 alone. One of its major competitors in the international marketplace B2B giant Global Sources, which has an online directory of many other B2B services it offered, such as print business directories and exhibitions, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). However, Alibaba.com has various strengths which served as its competitive advantages over Global Sources and other competitors. Indeed, Alibaba.com should continue in being a dominant player in the B2B eCommerce industry. Among all the upcoming B2B in china, Alibaba.com has received much despite not been listed in NASDAQ .In 2001 the company was featured by Forbes as its cover story also selected as the only firm on the Forbes Best of the Web:B2B list founded in china (Doebele,2000).By 2002 the Alibaba.com was selected and featured by Forbes again as its only Best of the Web:B2B in the month of September.(Qin Hu et al.,2004). 1. 0 Background 1.1 What is Alibaba.com Alibaba.com was founded in June 1999 by Jack Ma and eighteen other founders (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). It is a business-to-business portal which allows suppliers of everything from 176 countries to connect with buyers around the world. (Bi, 2002). The Companys founder Jack Ma was nominated as one of the 100 Global Leaders for Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum and was honored as a recipient in the Asian Business Association Business Leadership Award in 2001, on the 27 December 2001 with the registered 1,000,000 Alibaba.com member, which became the only B2B Webster with 1,000,000 registered business members from 202 countries. (Qin Hu et al., 2004) Since inaugurating its website in simplified Chinese to serve the Chinese mainland market in 1999 (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3), it has now become worlds largest online business-to-business global trading marketplace, with 2.5 million and 14 million registered users in its international and Chinese domestic marketplaces respectively , (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). Based on the number of registered users and market share by revenue at the end of the second quarter of 2007, Alihaba.com was considered as the largest online B2B company in China. The international marketplace was served through its English language website which caters to global importers and exporters (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). On the other hand, the China marketplace was served by its Chinese language website, Alibaba.com which caters to domestic suppliers and buyers (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4).Alibaba.com online transaction basically has six levels as describe CTO,John Wu which are information exchange, negotiation, price bargaining, shipping, insurance, inspection and customs processing and payment. As its lowest level that Alibaba.com operates. In other words it only provides an information platform on which the buyers and sellers meet and post business information.(Qin Hu et al 2004). Farhoomand (2008, p. 4) explains that the business model of Alibaba.com centers on the use of the marketplace by suppliers and buyers who would establish their presence online, identify potential trading partners and conduct business with each other. Farhoomand (2008, p. 4) describes the manner by which the Alibaba.com interface is used by suppliers and buyers in China and around the world in their trading activities: , Suppliers and some buyers would use the marketplaces to host their company profiles and catalogues in standardised formats known as storefronts and post listings such as products, services and trade leads. Users could view storefronts and listings in over 30 industry categories and nearly 5,000 product categories by either searching for keywords or browsing through the online industry directory. (Farhoomand 2008, p. 4). Figure 1 presents the value proposition of Alibaba.com and the manner by which it effectively facilitates the conduct of trade within the context of B2B commerce. Figure 1 Alibaba.coms Value Proposition Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 17) Figure 2 below shows the typical process of trade in Alibaba.com. Suppliers and buyers were able to successfully establish large online comminutes in Alibaba.com which features active listings, enquiry exchanges, instant messaging, discussion forums and other user-friendly community features, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). Figure 2 A Typical Trading Process in Alibaba.com Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 17) Although Alibaba.com offers free basic services to its all its registered members, it generates is revues from the services purchased by suppliers which include membership packages that provided priority placement of storefronts and listings in the industry directory and search results, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 5). These suppliers are charged from their subscription to value-added services which include: (1) purchase of additional keywords which help improve their search result rankings; and (2) premium placement on Alibaba.coms web pages (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 5). 1.2 Why Should Alibaba.com be Considered a High Growth Company? Alibaba.com should be considered as a high-growth company due to its large membership base and its phenomenal growth. Its total registered user base grew from 6.0 million in 2004 to 19.6 million in 2006. In the same vein, the total number of its paying members grew from 77,922 in 2004 to 219, 098 in 2006. Figures 3 and 4 below show the growth in the number of Alibaba.coms registered users and paying members, respectively. . Figure 3 Growth in the Number of Alibaba.coms Registered Users from 2004 to 2006. Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 5). Figure 4 Growth in the Number of Alibaba.coms Paying Members from 2004 to 2006. By the end of 2007, Alibaba.com has already successfully captured 50% of the market share of Chinas online e-commerce revenue (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 19). Figure 5 below presents the market share of Chinas online e-Commerce Market by Revenue. Basically the pie chart demonstrated how successful Alibaba.com has been able to stay above its major competitors by seizing half of the market share. Figure 5 Market Share of Chinas Online E-Commerce Market by Revenue Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 19). Moreover, its phenomenal growth in the B2B industry is buttressed by its impressive financial standing. By the end of 2004, its annual revenues totaled US$48.3 million, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 5). With a cumulative annual growth rate of 94.8%, its annual revenues amounted to US$183.2 million at the end of 2006. Figure 6 below presents the financial data of Alibaba.com from 2004-2007. Figure 6 Financial Data of Alibaba.com from 2004-2007 Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 5) 1.3 Who is Jack Ma? Jack Ma is the founder and chairman of Alibaba.com and is a native of Hangzhou, which is situated approximately 100 miles southwest of Shanghai, where the companys headquarters resided (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). Jack Ma is one of the first entrepreneurs to develop e-commerce in China, (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). He, together with his partners have successfully established the following: (1) first internet commercial website in China; (2) a B2B marketplace platform for suppliers and buyers around the word; (3) the worlds first on-line credit platform for companies, called the Trust Pass (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). Jack Ma grew up during Chinas Cultural Revolution and became fascinated in learning English at the tender age of 12, (Farhoomand, 2008, pp. 3-4; Fannin, 2008). For eight years, he rode 40 minutes every morning on his bicycle to a hotel near the West Lake and practised his English by giving free tour guides to foreigners, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). Later, when he decided to pursue a degree in education out of his desire to teach English to high school students, he flunked his admission exam twice for a University, prior top being accepted at Hangzhou Teachers University, (Fannin, 2008). After graduating, he was offered a teaching job with a rate of 100 to 120 renminbi, which is equivalent to USD $12 to $15 per month, (Fannin, 2008). Then in 1995, he was employed by the Chinese government to settle a dispute between a Chinese firm and its US partner, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). The US partner held Ma captive at gunpoint for two days before he regained his freedom by agreeing to become a p artner in an internet startup in China, even though he had no concept of the internet at all, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). During the same year, Ma joined a trade delegation in Seattle as an interpreter wherein a friend showed him a computer with an internet connection (Fannin, 2008; Farhoomand, 2008). There, he was surprised to find out that nothing turned up in the search results when he searched for the word China. This prompted Ma and his friend to set-up a website and name it China Pages ((Fannin, 2008). Upon his return to China, he borrowed $2,000 to establish China Pages which shared a strikingly similar ideology with Alibaba.com: to list Chinese companies on the internet and help foreigners find their websites, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). However, China Telecom bought out his stake which eventually forced him to return to civil service. In 1998, he started to resume work on his vision of connecting Chinese companies to the world through the internet. Then, in December of that same year, Ma finally realised his vision with the establishment of Alibaba.com, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4; Fannin, 2008). Indeed, Ma had the makings of a successful business leader. Under his leadership, Alibaba.com became a leading B2B marketplace which have successfully attracted more than 17million registered members in 220 countries globally, with daily postings exceeding 35 million, making Alibaba.com the most active Internet marketplace and B2B community worldwide, (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). 1.4 What is the Basis for the Report? This report is primarily based on secondary data obtained from the case study undertaken by Farhoomand (2008) and from other relevant online and offline sources. This study did not use any primary research methods such as interviews in gathering information about Alibaba.com. 2.0 The beginning of Alibaba.com Jack Ma officially launched Alibaba.com online in December 1998, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). Alibaba.com originally served as a bulletin board service for businesses to post buy and sell trade leads. Jack Ma and 18 other founders established the Alibaba group in June, 1999, which is the parent company. It first served clients domestically (Farhoomand, 2008,p.3). 2.1 The Opportunity In 1995, while in Seattle, Jack Ma made his first contact with the computer and internet and was shocked to find out that no search results could be found for the keyword China. Together with a friend, Ma decided to set up an online company and name it China pages. In 1998, upon his return to China, he launched China Pages which featured a list of companies on the internet and help foreigners find their websites, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). After three months, Ma and his team established Alibaba China which was a major operating subsidiary in China and which served to carry out the business of operating B2B marketplaces, ((Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). After three more months, three more sites were set up by the team, which include: (1) an English site for international users; (2) a Korean site for Korean users; and (3) a traditional Chinese site for Chinese users outside China ((Farhoomand, 2008, p. 4). 2.2 Competitive Environment Even during its infancy, Alibaba.com has already been faced with stiff competition from rivals based domestically and internationally, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). One of its major competitors in the international marketplace B2B giant Global Sources, which has an online directory of many other B2B services it offered, such as print business directories and exhibitions, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). Global Sources was first established in Hong Kong in 1971 as a monthly trade magazine for consumer products made in Asia for export to Western markets , (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). As of the end of September 2007, Global Sources already has a community of over 647,000 buyers and 160,000 suppliers (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7).Moreover, Global Sources has successfully : (1) enabled suppliers to sell to hard-to-reach buyers in over 230 countries; (2) delivered information on two million products annually; (3) operated 14 online marketplaces that delivered more than 23 million sales leads annually; (4) pu blished 13 monthly magazines and over 100 sourcing research reports per year; and (5) organised nine trade-specific exhibitions that ran 22 times a year across seven cities, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 7). Farhoomand (2008, p. 7) explains that Global Sources could be considered as a serious threat to Alibaba.com because its revenue source was shifting online, as evidenced by its 2006 annual report demonstrating that online businesses generated over 40% of total revenue. Figure 7 below shows the contributors to Global Sources revenues for 2006. Figure 7 Contributors to Global Sources 2006 Revenues Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 8) 2.3 Strategic Review of the External Situation at Start up Ma only had to carry out very little analysis before launching Alibaba.com due to the structure of the B2B marketplace subsector at that time, which is characterised by a high national internet penetration rate and a robust growth of the Chinese online shopping market; the Chinese B2B eCommerce Market, the Chinese SME and usage of third party eCommerce among Chinese SMEs (Farhoomand, 2008). 2.4 What Competences were Required There were numerous competencies required in the establishment of Alibaba.com. First, it needs to posses the capacity to make its online marketplaces more effective for SMEs around the world, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 6). To do this, Alibaba.com needed to employ people with the necessary technical skills . Moreover, it needed to have people who could help it : (1) expand of it user base and active listing; and (2) enhance community experiences to further improve user loyalty and activity through continued development and introduction of new features and tools (Farhoomand, p. 7). 2.5 Summary of Alibaba.coms Early Years Alibaba.com was officially launched online in December 1998. On July 9, 1999, and September 9, 1999, Alibaba (China) Technology Co., Ltd was founded in Hong Kong and Hangzhou, respectively (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). In October 1999, Goldman Sachs invested USD 5 million in Alibaba. (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). In October 2000, Alibaba launched the Gold Supplier membership scheme to serve Chinese exporters, followed in August 2001 by the launch of International TrustPass, a membership service catering to exporters outside China. China TrustPass was launched in March 2002 to serve SMEs engaged in domestic trade, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 3). 3.0 Alibaba.coms Development from 2002 2007 3.1 Evolution of Alibaba.com On March 2002, Alibaba China launched its TrustPass plan initiative, which made Alibaba the worlds first on-line credit business community, (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). By the end of that same year, Alibaba.com has successfully started making profits (Alibaba.com: A Smiling Community with a Dream, undated). After several years, in November 2007, Alibaba.com debuted on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising US$1.5 billion to become the worlds biggest internet offering since Googles initial public offering (IPO) in 2004, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 1). According to Qin Hu et al.,(2004) many other businesses owner believe that alibaba.com growth and impact will only become more prevailing in the future.Over the years the sale of goods on the internet by American firms is assumed to reach US$ 1.3 million by 2003.By 2004 the European online business to business sales is expected to be US$1.6 million compare to China largest population in the world. However some compa nies in euro are still probing this new source of revenue. 3.2 Understanding the Market and Their Target Customer Alibaba.com operates in a business environment whose structure is largely shaped by the following: (1) National internet penetration rate ; (2) Chinese online shopping market; (3) the Chinese B2B eCommerce Market; (4) the Chinese SME; and (5) usage of third party eCommerce among Chinese SMEs (Farhoomand, 2008). In terms of the national internet penetration rate, in 2007, China registered an internet penetration rate of 12.3% trailing after the US, Japan and South Korea, whose penetration rates were above 65% (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 2). However, Chinas internet penetration rate has been documented to grow at approximately three percentage points annually. Figure 8 shows Chinas internet penetration rate from 2002 to 2007. Figure 8 Chinas Internet Penetration Rate from 2002 to 2007 Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 10). In the same vein, Chinas online shopping market has also showed a rapid trend of growth (see Figure 9 below). Figure 9 Chinas Online Shopping Market from 2006 to 2007. Source: Farhoomand (2008, p. 10). 4.0 The Future for Alibaba.com Just one after the IPO in 2007, Alibaba.com has already considered a venture with Softbank. Although the Japanese telecom giant disclosed no details regarding the venture, it was likely that Alibaba.com would expand its service to mobile users in Japan, a market that had been impenetrable to the Chinese e-commerce company, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 9). In China, Alibaba.com toppled EachNet, an older rival backed by global leader eBay, (Farhoomand, 2008, p. 1). The future of Alibaba.com seems bright due to a combination of the positive influence of its competitive strengths and effective strategies. According to Farhoomand (2008), Alibaba.com has numerous strengths which serve as its competitive advantages over its rivals. These strengths include the following: (1) it had effectively built a premier brand in the e-commerce domain, boasting the highest traffic among all online B2B marketplaces; (2) it focused exclusively on the highly lucrative SME sector; and provided tools and solutions tailored to SMEs, Alibaba.com was confident in the value proposition of their service offerings ; and (3) its sales force and customer service support in attracting and retaining users, especially those who paid for subscriptions, were excellent. 5.0 Conclusions The results of the critical examination of the various information regarding Alibaba.com, including its strengths and achievements only indicate that Alibaba.com should remain a dominant player in the B2B marketplace category of eCommerce. Its solid financial standing would help it whether the uncertainties of the future which is largely brought about by the stiff competition in the industry. Moreover, its sound and innovative business model is rather hard to copy, making it difficult for new entrants to compete with Alibaba.com. With respect to its key competitor, Global Sources, Alibaba.com only needs to continue to innovate and diversify its businesses in order to gain competitive advantage over Global Sources and other international rivals.

Social Context of The Fire Next Time :: The Fire Next Time

Social Context of The Fire Next Time The Fire Next Time was published in a time of great chaos. A civil rights revolution was sweeping the country. Many of the institutions of American life were being challenged, including religion. Author James Baldwin saw power as a key to African-American success in the civil rights movement. In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to sit in the Negro section of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Dr. Martin Luther King transformed a racial protest into a massive resistance movement in the late 1950s. In the early 1960s, the sit-in tactic was launched in Greensboro, North Carolina, when black college students insisted on service at a local lunch counter. "Freedom Riders" were sent to the South in 1961 by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to test and break down segregation laws. In a few years, there would be a sexual revolution, as well as a trend toward peace and love. For the time being, however, hatred and misunderstanding were widespread. Baldwin realized the importance of these events and movements and answered them with The Fire Next Time. As Baldwin became a teenager in Harlem, he began to realize the presence of temptations such as sex and drugs. In order to fight these evils, he fled to the church. Eventually Baldwin realized that the church didn't preach love to everyone, but only to the ones who believed as they did. Despite this bad experience in the church, Baldwin never forgot the positive elements of religion. According to Kenneth Kinnamon, Baldwin realized that Christians had kept blacks down through history, but he still understood the need for religion. "However much he may revile the historical role of Christianity in the enslavement of black people, The Fire Next Time attests that [Baldwin] has never forgotten the compensatory values of his [adolescent] religious experience," he writes (3). After a meeting with Elijah Muhammad, Baldwin realized that Christianity wasn't the only flawed religion. Baldwin saw that both Islam and Christianity needed to compromise their strong beliefs for a unified black movement to have any real power. Baldwin knew the acquisition of power would have to play a key role if blacks were to achieve full civil rights. Baldwin writes, "The only thing white people have that black people need, or should want, is power--and no one holds power forever" (96). He recognizes that whites would be reluctant to relinquish the power they had over blacks.

Data Security and Integrity: Software and Physical Restrictions

Table of Contents Page # Introduction Introduction Maintenance of data security and integrity in reference to: Software Access Restrictions These are inserted for the purposes of protecting computer software. A few forms of software access restrictions are as follows: Passwords Definition: -A string of characters that allows access to a computer, interface or system. How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? When a person creates a password for access to a computer, folder, program etc. they are creating a code that must be implemented every time they wish to access the software. This means that if any unknown or unauthorized personnel were to attempt to view the material and were unaware of the password then they would be unable to do so, thus securing the data.The integrity of the data is also highly protected when using a password because if any unknown or unauthorized personnel attempt to access any data that is password protected without knowing the pass word, they will be denied access. Thus the data cannot be altered in any way and its trustworthiness would remain the same. * Data Encryption Definition: -This is the encryption (encoding) of data for security purposes. How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? By encrypting, we change the original plaintext version of data into ciphertext, which is an unreadable format that will protect against unauthorized parties.Only those who possess the key to trigger the algorithm that will decrypt the data, hence making it readable, can access it. A higher bit encryption is much more secure than a lower bit encryption, for example a 256 bit encryption is much more secure than a 128 bit encryption because a hacker will need to try out more possibilities when trying to breach the encryption. Once data is encrypted the integrity of it is safeguarded just as long as it isn’t breached by a hacker or accessed by any unauthorized party who somehow got the key to the algorithm, and was able to decrypt the data. Virus Protection Definition: -This is the protecting of a system from a file that replicates itself without the consent of the user. How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? Typical anti-virus software protects a computer system from viruses, Trojan horses, worms etc. by means of routinely or manually scanning files and programs to check for the aforementioned malware and if any malicious content is found, it either notifies the user of its presence and suggests steps that can be taken to remove it, or automatically starts doing so by itself.Any malware that is located early enough by anti-virus software can usually be removed before it can cause any irreversible damage to data. Though there are viruses that can take effect almost immediately and corrupt data very quickly before the virus protection can take action or even notice it. In this case having better virus protection software is necessary. * Firewall De finition: -This is an integrated collection of security measures designed to prevent unauthorized electronic access to a networked computer system.How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? A firewall protects a computer system or network from any malicious activity from the internet, for e. g. hackers, viruses and Trojan horses. They do so by filtering any incoming packets of data to decide which data will be let through the firewall and which will be discarded. This means that data already on the computer or network will be better protected against hackers, viruses etc. and any incoming data will be ‘clean’ i. e. without any malicious software attached.Firewalls assist in maintaining data integrity by its ability to filter data. As long as the firewall prevents malware from entering a computer system or network the data will not be adversely affected thus maintaining its trustworthiness. Physical Access Restrictions These consist of biometric s ystems as well as other forms of physical access restrictions that are used to protect data. A few forms of physical access restrictions are: * Voice Recognition Definition: -This is a device used for the identifying of individuals by the sound of their voice.How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? Voice Recognition is a biometric system i. e. it identifies individuals by a unique human characteristic, their voice. The way this aids in protecting data is as follows: if someone wishes to gain access to something, in this case data, they would need to verify to a computer that they are permitted to view or manipulate the data by speaking. If they are not registered to gain access to the data then the computer would deny them the ability to view or interact with it, thereby maintaining its integrity.If the speaker is registered with the voice recognition, then it would grant the speaker access. This allows data to be viewed by authorized personnel only. Voice recognition is considered to be more secure than passwords because of the fact that, instead of depending on a secret string of characters to gain entry to the data, it identifies them by their voice hence removing the possibility of guessing. * Retinal Scan Definition: -This is the biometrical identification of individuals by scanning the retina of the eye.How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? A retinal scan operates similarly to voice recognition, this is because they are both biometric systems. The way this assists in securing data is as follows: The retina of the eye, which is unique to everyone, is scanned. The computer can identify people by the use of camera technology which can differentiate individuals from one another because of the subtle differences in their retina. If the person is recognized as authorized personnel, then they are allowed to view the data.If however, they are not authorized to view the data, they will be denied access from doing so as well as from manipulating it, this allows for the safekeeping of data and the maintenance of its integrity. * Fingerprint Recognition Definition: -This is the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity? This is another biometric system, and the most popular one at that. Fingerprint recognition is widely used for the protection of data because of its accuracy and dependability in identification.Just as there are no two people who share the exact same voice or retina, there are no two people who share the exact same fingerprints. Because of this, fingerprint recognition can be used to allow someone access to data once the person accessing the data places his finger onto the scanning device. If his fingerprints match those that are registered then he/she is allowed access to the data, otherwise access will be denied. * Fireproof Cabinets Definition: -A fire resistant cupboard/box wh ich can house computer hardware that contains data. How does it assist in securing data and maintaining its integrity?Data is located inside software, however software cannot function without hardware. Therefore, in order to protect the software which houses data, we must also protect the hardware which houses the software. Fireproof cabinets are an excellent way of doing so. They assist in securing the hardware by allowing it a special area so that it is not lost or misplaced. Also, if there is a fire which could potentially be disastrous, the fire resistant cabinets will protect the hardware from being destroyed while also indirectly protecting the data. Summary Bibliography

Company Policy for S-S Technology

Recruitment Policy Purpose To ensure that required staffs are appointed at required interval for S-S Technology. Responsibility Relevant department manager shall responsible to submit staff requisition form upon staff requirement. HER manager shall review and arrange for recruitment as per requested Information. Procedure When staff requirement request from concerned department manager who shall complete the staff requisition form and submit to HER. HER shall review and take approval from management for initiating recruitment process.HER shall make vacancy announcement as appropriate ways such as Journals, newspaper, notices, etc and collect applicant's C.V.. HER manager shall review collected C.V. and inform to applicants as appropriate ways for Interview. Interviewee or candidate shall fill application Issued by their selves. HER shall conduct the Interview and make decision for appointment for interview. HER. Related manager and GM shall make interview for selected candidates. HER shall submit to management to get approval of new appointment. After selected candidate, HER shall fill record, personal data, and agreement on S-S Technology rules.HER shall explain to new staff the S-S Technology rules detail and other requirements. Provisional period shall be defined as three months but It can be varied based on the assessment of department manager. If the performance of staff is found to be satisfactory after provisional period, department manager shall inform to HER for permanently appointment by appropriate way. HER manager shall issue permanent appointment letter after getting approval from management and inform to finance. HER staff shall keep all records of Taft in personnel data files.References ; Employee Requisition, Application Form, Interview Assessment Form, Request for Medical Test Form, Appointment Letter, Evaluation of New Employee's Job Performance, Permanent Letter, Personal data(C.V.),.. Etc. Performance Appraisal Policy The purpose is to give each employee to know how their performance, behavior and potential are evaluated by manager to improve confidence, to provide improvement of work performance. Responsibility Department manager Is responsible for analyzing competency of responsible staff heir performance in yearly basis.MD/GM is responsible to make performance evaluation for managers. Requirements For manager level – MD/GM shall conduct performance evaluation of managers and above level. – For below manger level – Department manger shall conduct performance evaluation and submit appraisal form to HER. – HER manager shall review and compile proposed comments from appraisal and discuss with MM/ Managers to proceed for improvement. HER manager is responsible to review appraisal outcomes in order to provide necessary training program or provision or resources. –HER manager and related manager shall discuss to upgrade skills of employee and to determine training needs including resource requirements on yearly basis. References Performance Appraisal, Master Skills Matrix. Training Policy To ensure staff are competent to perform their task and ensure to provide necessary training at requested interval. Responsibility HER is responsible to prepare and arrange the training plan after getting approval from management. Department manager is responsible to evaluate their staff competency and communicate with HER for arranging required training.Procedure HER manager shall prepare the training plan based on training requests from department managers and take approval from management. Upon requirement of training, department manager shall fill the nominations for training course and submit to HER. HER shall submit to management for getting approval from management. HER manager and related manager shall arrange the training requirements at requested time. After training is completed, HER manager shall keep the training records such as nomination, record list, course register , evaluations.Trainee and trainer evaluation shall be made to training to get effectiveness of training evaluation as reference. The related manager shall provide the provisional or on Job training defined by managers. Training certificate, if applicable and personal training record shall be updated by HER staff and keep in each relevant personal file. References : Training Request Form, Training Plan Form, Training Record List, Training Course Register, Training Evaluation (trainer), Training Evaluation (trainee), Personal Training Record.

Letter to Hamlet Essays

Letter to Hamlet Essays Letter to Hamlet Essay Letter to Hamlet Essay Essay Topic: Hamlet Dear Hamlet, I cannot hide my thoughts and emotions. I cannot bear this torment longer; I must let out the beast within me. This world, this mad, sad world, it has driven me close to insanity. Its like a blade, folds of a thousand and each fold only make it stronger, like the madness I am fueling on. Every day as I live, I tell myself that I should smile and go along with the commands of my father, brother, and you. Your orders Hamlet, I have gone according to every wish you have asked. But why? Why should I go around following and letting the likes of you order me around? All men are the same. You, father, brother, everyone in this sad world! Oh, Yes lord this, Yes Lord that, Yes Lord everything! Why? Is it because I am a woman you can order me around as you wish!? I am disgusted by what everyone think of me. You men frustrate me every time. Oh, Hamlet, do you think I am your slave? A maid? A simple object you can use and toss around with? All you typical men speak to me with disrespect and corruption. â€Å"Or, if thou wilt needs marry, marry a fool, for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them†. Really? Marry a fool? Cheat on them? You really think I’m that of a monster to do any of that? You probably think us women are just prostitutes, a sex object you can come to and please yourself. Well, we’re not, and without us you probably can’t even cook, clean, or do anything by yourself. Just because your whore of a mother married your uncle without a split second to think about her marriage, doesn’t give you the right to believe that I will do the same. Every one of you hopeless men can’t do anything without us, yet you still mistreat and use us for your greed. Oh, I only wish I were to liv e in a society where both men and women are equal and where free speech is allowed. I live each day with no such freedom, only to be forced to obey all commands of your kind. You might thought I would defy any such orders. No, such action would bring severe punishments. This society, nothing will stop you men from using us as tools. The harsh social inequality affects me like a burn, oh, how do I live in such world. It’s like I’m underwater, unable to breathe. All this ruthless chaos in the air, how can I live on with such peaceful mind. Right after your uncle became king, you’ve become a lunatic I tell you. You weren’t like this before. You were so loving and caring, and most of all happy. But when you came into my room that day, grabbing my arm and looked deep into my eyes, I knew something wasn’t right. That ugly image of you dirty and foul smell, it has left a mark on my head forever remembering that sad scene. Has the fallen king driven you so deep into madness that you can’t even see your foolish actions have affected the surrounding people? Well, it has. Especially when you cold-heartedly killed my beloved father, oh my father whom I loved wholeheartedly loved so dear much. Oh the sadness and agony, how do you still walk on this land not feeling guilt or shame? Have you ever thought about how your actions could affect my brother and I? My well being? My mentality? I’m sure you knew who was behind the curtains, but your madness wouldn’t allowed such second thoughts. Oh, why Hamlet? Why do you do these hideous actions? What has my father ever done to you or your family? We’ve been loyal to the King, Queen, and you, yet you act like God and have sentenced our fate to hell. With such loyalty and respect, is this what we receive in return? Why? Why? Why, Hamlet, Why? The thought of you and the death of my father overwhelms me with horrifying sadness. Oh, the sadness of losing you, both physically and mentally. Oh, my dear Hamlet, I still love you, but it is you who have pushed me away, casted me out and branded me as damaged goods. You left with my heart broken, filled with sadness, pain, and grief. My fragile heart, oh, my fragile heart . It is almost like the world is turning against on me along with my thoughts and actions. Even now if you turn back to normal, I wont go with you. Your hands are dirty and stained with my father’s blood. With my mind almost gone, I don’t believe we can ever meet again the same as we use to. Hell, I can hardly speak to you either. Your mind has already been corrupt. I still think of the day when you visit me and stayed. But that’s the past, and I can’t stop thinking about it even though I want to. I guess, I still love you somewhere in me. If I find the strength of Hercules to live in this vile world, what do I get in return? Nothing. Nothing will happen if I kept chasing you, who has abandoned me for god knows what reason it was. The world is unfair to not only me but others as well. If I stay, what will happen? This society is corrupt; no one gives a damn anymore. The rich only greeds and gains more than they should, and the poor begs for only what they need to survive. All you men use gender inequality as a weapon against us woman. Oh, shall I stay any longer will I continue to suffer? I shall perish into the night and rise as the sun rises, but only as nothing but spirit. To leave this empty world full of chaos will it liberate my grief and despair, and give me an opportunity to start fresh. Yes, it all makes sense now. Death is the only way to escape. Goodbye Hamlet. Goodbye world. Farewell, Ophelia